Building Materials and Architectural Details of Natural Stone used in the 13th Century Castle Buildings of King Daniel in the City of Chełm

The city of Chełm (Kholm in the past; today located on territory Poland) was founded by King Rus` (Ruthenia) Danylo (Daniel) Romanovych middle 13th century. Initially, it a small town with castle, but later Daniel rebuilt and turned into his capital. Unfortunately, buildings from century are preserved here only form archaeological remains foundations lower parts walls. great historical significance this prompted us to study its building structure. It is important know which materials technological solutions large metropolitan could have emerged such short time reports were main source base for study. Reports reflect all results in-situ fixations walls castle. These carried out directly during research. analysis shows that built using both local deposits imported ones. Various stone raw bricks used construction. rock construction manufacture decorative architectural details glauconite. largest quantities material Limestone, sandstone, opoka, fossilized chalk also used. nature processing builders castle had extensive knowledge conducted numerous experiments materials. give an understanding how erected artistic aspects.